Constitution of India: structure, fundamental rights, directive principles, amendments, separation of powers and jurisprudence.
The latest ADR reports from 2024-2025 reveal a shocking truth: nearly half of India's elected Lok Sabha MPs and MLAs in many state assemblies carry declared criminal cases, a significant portion involving serious offenses like murder and rape. This isn't just a statistic; it's a direct challenge to the foundations of the world's largest democracy, raising urgent questions about electoral integrity and the very nature of governance when lawbreakers become lawmakers.
Did you know the Election Commission reported overall polling-station turnout above 60 percent in the 2024 J&K assembly polls—after a decade without an assembly? How did two Presidential Orders, CO 272 and CO 273, legally flip Article 370 from operative to inoperative in just two days? With nine assembly seats newly reserved for Scheduled Tribes after the 2022 delimitation, how will representation shift if statehood is restored?
India's Election Commission (ECI) wields the constitutional authority for "superintendence, direction and control" of elections under Article 324, overseeing the world's largest democratic exercise with 97 crore electors across phased polling.